Mama's Weekly Rock Facts

SULFUR  

Hardness 1.5-2.5

Chemical formula: S₈

Stinky Sulfur!

Sulfur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.  Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow volcanic mineral used in a variety of industrial applications.  Sulfur is no longer mined but rather collected as a byproduct in natural gas and petroleum production and then purified to its elemental form.

The name sulfur comes from the Old English work “sulphur” meaning brimstone implying that Hell smells like sulfur.   Speaking of bad smell, hair and skin contain keratin, a sulfur-bearing protein, which contributes to the bad smell when hair or skin is burned.

by Amanda Rice, Resident Geologist, Mama's Minerals

Mama's Weekly Rock Facts

JADE

Hardness 6-6.5

Carved Jade Tortoise

Two types of metamorphic rock are classified as Jade; Nephrite and Jadeite.  Nephrite is a tremolite and actinolite composite usually green but can be white, brown, or mixes of the three colors.  Jadeite is mostly pyroxene and usually green, black, or lavender but in some rare cases can be blue or red.  Color variation in both types is from trace minerals such as iron oxides which create browns.

Jade is commonly carved into jewelry and sculptures but ancient peoples also used jade to make weaponry due to its hardness.

See carvings and beads made from Jade!

 

by Amanda Rice, Resident Geologist, Mama's Minerals 

Mama's Weekly Rock Facts - Ammolite

Ammolite is gemstone quality fossilized ammonite shells usually placenticeras meeki or placenticeras intercalare species.   Ammolite is a thin and fragile sheet of fossilized material most commonly in Reds and greens because of fragility of other colors such as purples, blues, and yellows.  These later colors are considered rarer and are more desirable as a gemstone.

The stacking layers of aragonite, which causes light interference, create the iridescent play of colors.  The crackling effect is cause by exposure to the elements and sediment compression where the thin Ammolite cracks and flakes.  This crackling appearance leads to the nickname ‘dragon skin’ for its scale like patterns.

Gem quality Ammolite is primarily found along the eastern front of North Americas Rocky Mountains, from Alberta Canada and south to Idaho / Montana in the United States.  Native American tribes in this region have long prized Ammolite.  The Blackfeet tribe call Ammolite “buffalo stone” and believe the amuletic stone aids in hunting buffalo and possesses healing powers.

Mineralogy: 

Ammolite: CaCo₃, aragonite polymorph with small impurities of calcite, pyrite, silica, and others

Mohs scale hardness: 4.5 - 5.5

Luster: greasy to dull

Color: gray to brown matrix with primarily red to green iridescence

Transparency: Opaque

Fracture: Uneven to granular

Specific gravity: 2.60 – 2.85

Index of refraction: 1.52 – 1.68

Cleavage: no true cleavage

Metaphysical Properties:

Stone of luck, general healing; detoxify the body, and improve energy flow

Image from Wikipedia

by Amanda Rice

Mama's Weekly Rock Facts - Tourmaline

TOURMALINE -- H: 7
The word tourmaline comes from the Sinhalese word "tourmali," meaning "mixed gemstones"
Tourmaline is a pyroelectric mineral, meaning that a voltage is created across the crystal when heated

There are 3 species of tourmaline: Dravite, Schorl, and Elbaite

Tourmaline is a cyclosilicate, composed of rings of [(S_iO₄)]^4- tetrahedra.

Mineralogy: Tourmaline is not a single mineral, but a group of several closely related minerals. The most common of these minerals almost exclusively occur in granite pegmatite. Tourmaline is both Piezoelectric (electric potential difference created by pressure) and Pyroelectric (electric potential difference created by temperature).  If a specimen is put under either a pressure or temperature change, it will generate voltage. When this happens, dust particles become attached to the crystal ends.

Metaphysical:  Heart Chakra crystal, self-healing, compassionate vibration, masculine or yang energy

Black Tourmaline Pendant with bail

by Amanda Rice